Biochemical Features of COVID-19 Patients in Hodeidah, Yemen
Mohammed Amood AL-Kamarany *
Center of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology Studies, Hodeidah University (CTMES – HU) and Department of Pharmacy Practice - Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy – Hodeidah University in Collaboration with Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CTMID), Al-Thawara Public Hospital Authority, Hodeidah, Yemen.
Fuad Ahmed Balkam
Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Yemen.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: The biochemical parameters are very important for progressive of infection and predicator for severity.
Objectives: Therefore, the study aims to describe the biochemical features of COVID-19 infection.
Methodology: The study was designed in a case series. The study included 49 patients that were confirmed by the RT-PCR test with COVID-19. The study groups were severe and critical cases that admitted and treated in isolation center (inpatient). The biochemical assays included blood glucose, liver function test, renal function test and cardiac function test.
Results: The results showed relationship between the hyperglycemia and severity illness where the diabetics mellitus was reported in 17/49 cases (34.69 %) as controlled patients and 15/49 (30.61 %) as uncontrolled. The average of blood glucose was 370±200 mg/dl and the HbA1C was 9 ± 2 %. On the other hand, renal failure was reported in 2/49 cases (4.08 %) with serum creatinine. In addition, non – significant increase in liver enzymes namely aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) while significant decreasing in albumin 2 ± 0.5 g/dl. The troponin positive was reported in 6/49 patients (12.24 %). In addition, significant increasing in C- reactive protein (CRP) 70 ± 28 mg/L.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the increase in biochemical markers namely blood glucose, HbA1C that were risk factors for exposure to COVID-19 infection and increase in CRP and decrease in serum albumin that were good predicator for progressive and severity illness in COVID-19 infection.
Keywords: COVID-19, biochemical, hodeidah, Yemen
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Letelier P, Encina N, Morales P, Riffo A, Silva H, Riquelme I, Guzmán N. Role of biochemical markers in the monitoring of COVID-19 patients. J Med Biochem. 2021; 40(2):115-128. DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-2934 PMID: 33776561; PMCID: PMC7982290
Henry BM, De Oliveira MHS, Benoit S, Plebani M, Lippi G. Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(7):1021-1028. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-036 PMID: 32286245
AL Kamarany MA, Abdulkarim T, Nasser M. Biomolecular features of COVID-19 in Hodeidah, Yemen. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2023;14(3):29–38 Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i3317
Al-Kamarany MA, Abdulkarim T. Immunological features of COVID-19 in Hodeidah, Yemen. Asian Journal of Immunology. 2023;6(1):76–84 Available:https://journalaji.com/index.php/AJI/article/view/97
Balkam FA, Al-Kamarany MA. Hematological and coagulation features of COVID-19 Patients in Hodeidah, Yemen. International Journal of Pathogen Research. 2023;12(6):46–54 Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6252
Hakami A, Altubayqi T, Qadah EA, Zogel B, Alfaifi SM, Refaei E, Sayed A, Alhazmi L, Sayegh M, Alamer A, Areeshi AS, Hakami D. Biochemical analysis of ferritin and D-dimer in COVID-19 Survivors and Non-survivors. Cureus. 2023;15(9): e45389. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4538 PMID: 37854756; PMCID: PMC10579969
Rasool G, Riaz M, Abbas M, Fatima H, Qamar MM, Zafar F, Mahmood Z. COVID-19: Clinical laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of novel coronavirus infected patients using molecular, serological and biochemical markers: A review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2022;36: 3946320221115316. DOI: 10.1177/0394632022111531 PMID: 35840546; PMCID: PMC9289644
Alahdal M, Al-Shabi J, Ogaili M, Abdullah QY, Alghalibi S, Jumaan AO, AL-Kamarany MA. Detection of Dengue Fever Virus Serotype – 4 by using One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR in Hodeidah, Yemen. Microbiology Research Journal International. 2016;14(6):1–7 DOI:https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/24380
Al-Areeqi A, Alghalibi S, Yusuf Q, Al-Masrafi I, Al-Kamarany MA. Epidemiological characteristic of malaria coinfected with dengue fever in Hodeidah, Yemen. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health. 2020;40(3):1-10. DOI:https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v40i330230
Yusuf QA, Ogaili M, Alahdal M, Amood Al Kamarany M. Dengue fever infection in Hodeidah, Yemen risk factors and socioeconomic indicators. British Biomedi Cal Bulletin. 2015;3(1):58-65.
Yusuf Q, Al-Masrafi I, Al-Mahbashi A, Al-Areeqi A, Al-Kamarany MA, & Khan AS. First evidence of West Nile virus in Hodeidah, Yemen: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 2019;38(4):1-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v38 430190 Available:https://journalijtdh.com/index.p p/IJTDH/article/view/30190
Al Kamarany MA, Majam A, Suhail K, Zuhairy A, Alabsi E. Coronavirus disease 2019 – Dengue fever coinfection: A case report. International Journal of Pathogen Research. 2023;12(4):27-32. Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i4234
AL Kamarany MA, Al-Masrafi I, Ghouth AB, Suhail K, Majam A, Zuhairy A, Alabsi E. Outbreak Investigation: First Ten COVID – 19 Infection Related Deaths in Hodeidah, Yemen. Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases. 2023;13 (3):19-27 Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v13i3268
AL-Kamarany MA, Suhail KA, Majam AS, Abdulabari Alabsi E, Hamoud Dowbalah M, Mohammed Zohairy A. Epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 in Hodeidah, Yemen. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health. 2021;42 (21):28–40 Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2021/v42i2130550
Suhail FA, Al Kamarany MA. Radiological features of COVID-19 Patients in Hodeidah, Yemen. Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases. 2021;8 (4):117–127 Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2021/v8i430256
Bohn MK, Lippi G, Horvath A, Sethi S, Koch D, Ferrari M, Wang CB, Mancini N, Steele S, Adeli K. Molecular, serological, and biochemical diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19: IFCC taskforce evaluation of the latest evidence. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(7):1037-1052. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-072 PMID: 32459192
Skevaki C, Fragkou PC, Cheng C, Xie M, Renz H. Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. J Infect. 2020;81(2):205-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.03 [Accessed on 2020 Jun 21 PMID: 32579986; PMCID: PMC7306198
Lauc G, Sinclair D. Biomarkers of biological age as predictors of COVID-19 disease severity. Aging (Albany NY). 2020; 12(8):6490-6491. DOI: 10.18632/aging.10305 [Accessed on 2020 Apr 8 PMID: 32268300; PMCID: PMC7202497
Nabi AHMN, Ebihara A, Shekhar HU. Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetes mellitus: A pre and post pandemic evaluation. World J Virol. 2023;12(3):151-171. DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.15 PMID: 37396707; PMCID: PMC10311579
Ciaccio M, Agnello L. Biochemical biomarkers alterations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnosis (Berl). 2020;7(4):365-372. DOI: 10.1515/dx-2020-005 PMID: 32589600
Chandrashekhar Joshi S, Pozzilli P. COVID-19 induced Diabetes: A novel presentation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;191:110034. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.11003 [Accessed on 2022 Aug 6] PMID: 35940303; PMCID: PMC935574 PMID: 34281177; PMCID: PMC8268290
Paliogiannis P, Mangoni AA, Cangemi M, Fois AG, Carru C, Zinellu A. Serum albumin concentrations are associated with disease severity and outcomes in coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med. 2021;21(3):343-354. DOI:10.1007/s10238-021-00686-z. [Accessed on 2021 Jan 28 PMID: 33511503; PMCID: PMC7842395
Ramadori G. Albumin infusion in critically Ill COVID-19 patients: Hemodilution and anticoagulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22 (13):7126. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137126
De Lima IC, de Menezes DC, Uesugi JHE, Bichara CNC, da Costa Vasconcelos PF, Quaresma JAS, Falcão LFM. Liver function in patients with long-term coronavirus disease 2019 of up to 20 Months: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(7):5281. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2007528 PMID: 37047897; PMCID: PMC10094195
Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Yoshimoto T, Nagahama S, Watanabe A, Sakamoto K, Kokaze A. Elevated alanine aminotransferase and low aspartate aminotransferase/alanine amino-transferase ratio are associated with chronic kidney disease among middle-aged women: A cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):471. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02144- PMID: 33172399; PMCID: PMC7653768
Moon AM, Barritt AS 4th. Elevated liver enzymes in patients with COVID-19: Look, but Not Too Hard. Dig Dis Sci. 2021; 66(6):1767-1769. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06585- PMID: 32875529; PMCID: PMC7462733
AL-Kamarany MA, Alkadi HO, Almadani, MY, Alsharma ZA, Al-Salehy RM, Albaser, NA. Pharmacological and Therapeutic Features of COVID - 19 Infection in Hodeidah, Yemen. Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024;26(5):18–38 Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5683