Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Effect of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Herbal Product Components (Securidaca longipedunculata and Spondia mombin) in Male Wistar Rats
T. E. Odedunmoye *
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
O. S. Olorunnisola
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda.
G. E Adeleke
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Y. E. Asibor
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
Y. T. Odunmorayo
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The management of diverse ailment have been treated with myriads of medicinal plants with the toxicological evaluation under estimated. This study evaluated the toxicity of a binary herbal mix containing Securidaca longipedunculata and Spondias mombin, widely used in Ogbomoso for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia. The powdered product was subjected to hydro-ethanol extraction obtaining Securidaca longipedunculata and Spondias mombin extract (SLSME) and analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry; identifying eighteen phytochemical compounds. Acute toxicity was investigated in four Wistar rats, while sub-acute effects were evaluated in twenty male rats (130 g average weight) administered 167, 250, and 500 mg/kg of SLSME daily for 14 days.
Biochemical, hematological and histological parameters were examined. No mortality occurred at 5000 mg/kg in acute testing. Sub-acute exposure significantly reduced ALP, AST, creatinine, urea, uric acid, LDL, TAG, and cholesterol, while elevating HDL and some hematological indices. Histology showed mild hepatic and renal alterations at higher doses but no marked damage at 167 mg/kg. Overall, SLSME exhibited low toxicity which support its traditional use.
In conclusion, this study has shown that the herbal product exerts no toxicity in the liver, kidney and blood of the experimental Wilstar rats.
Keywords: Securidaca longipedunculata, Spondias mombin, binary herbal mix, SLSME and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry