Asian Journal of Research in Biosciences

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to poor blood sugar regulation. Traditional treatments, like insulin therapy, often struggle to achieve long-term glucose control. Stem cell therapy offers a promising alternative, with the potential to restore beta cell function and provide a permanent solution for managing the disease. This paper aims to explore the role of stem cell therapy, advancements and research findings, potential benefits and challenges associated with this therapy in Type 1 Diabetes treatment. The methodology of this review study have used a combination of experimental studies, clinical trials, and literature reviews to compile the findings. They present data from pre-clinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the capability of stem cells to restore insulin production in animal models, alongside early-phase clinical trials showing potential in human subjects. The finding of this study shows; Stem cell therapy offers promise for treating type 1 diabetes through successful differentiation of various stem cell sources into functional beta cells. Clinical trials have demonstrated positive outcomes, including improved glycemic control and reduced insulin dependency. However, challenges of immune rejection and tumorigenicity require attention. Researchers are actively exploring immune modulation and encapsulation strategies to protect transplanted cells. In conclusion Stem cell therapy for Type 1 diabetes shows promise in creating functional beta cells to improve glucose control and reduce insulin reliance. While challenges like immune rejection and tumor risks remain, future efforts aim to enhance cell functionality and personalize treatments.